Some of the work undertaken as part of the protoTwinning project involved an in depth understanding of the Digital Twin such that the project could determine the appropriateness of the paradigm to early stage design and prototyping activities. The paper is the result of a systematic literature review into existing publications and contributes to the field through identifying the key characteristics based on published terminology and descriptions. The paper is available in Open Access from from multiple sources: the CIRP Journal of Maunfacturing Science and Technology website, ScienceDirect , via the University of Bristol research publications page here, and imminently via Google Scholar here.
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